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PUBLISHED RESEARCH

Symmetrical and non-symmetrical 3D wing deformation of flapping
micro aerial vehicles
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Tay, W. B. (2016). Aerospace Science and Technology, 55, 242–251.

Wing deformation can improve the performance of flapping wing MAV. Although this can be achieved through passive wing deformation, it is not possible to tune the deformation easily to obtain maximum performance. With the advancement in smart materials, prescribed deformation to improve maximum performance is becoming more practical. In this study, we study different forms of deformation, including a unique single-sided deformation to improve the wing’s performance.  This study extends the previous 2D study to 3D, and investigates if the favorable results in the earlier study are also applicable in 3D. Results show that we can obtain improvements as much as 111% for thrust and 125% for efficiency through careful selection of parameters. We also introduce a novel type of single sided flexing, whereby the wing only flexes in one direction, during both the upstroke and downstroke. Positive lift coefficient of up to 1.45 is also observed when this form of flexing is used.  This study will be helpful in the design of future flapping wing MAV to give better thrust, lift and efficiency.

Flapping wing with twisting
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Conical Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) observed on the twisted wing.
Flapping wing with twisting and deformation
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Additional twist reduces Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) of flexible wing but increase Angle Of Attack (AOA). Higher / lower component of force directed to thrust / lift respectively.
Rigid wing without wing deformation
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CFD simulation showing pressure contours of rigid wing without wing deformation. Similar Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) during upstroke and downstroke
Wing with unique single-sided deformation
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CFD simulation showing pressure contours of wing undergoing single-sided wing deformation. At upstroke, smaller Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) present in the flexible wing’s lower portion. At downstroke, stronger LEV present in the wing’s upper portion
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